
01 — Nature & Stress
Nature Can Help Us Unwind.
28%lower stress and annoyance
Bringing together experimental studies, researchers found that people who heard natural sounds reported less stress and annoyance, and better health and mood, than people in comparison conditions. Water sounds showed the strongest link to health and positive mood.
About this research
- The study
- Buxton et al. (2021), a meta-analysis in PNAS. 36 publications reviewed; 12 studies contributed to the stress and annoyance result.
- What was measured
- Self-reported stress and annoyance, plus health and positive mood.
- Compared with
- No sound, noise, or fewer natural sounds, depending on the study.
- Worth knowing
- The 28% is the authors’ conversion of a standardised effect size (Hedges’ g = −0.60). It is a relative difference between groups, not a 28-point drop on a scale. Most studies took place in labs, and results varied between them.












